Procurement fraud occurs when a private contractor over­bills the government, neglects an obligation or causes a loss by delivering defective goods or services. Whistleblowers who come forward to report these unlawful practices help both the federal authorities and the taxpayers receive what they paid for.

PROCUREMENT FRAUD OVERVIEW

Government contracts are controlled by several laws and regulations designed to ensure that the products or services provided by companies meet a minimum quality standard. Laws like the Truth in Negotiations Act require that the bidding process is free of manipulation and that the final price is fair and reasonable.

There are many types of procurement fraud: billing for services never provided, lying about a company’s qualifications or experience to win a bid, providing defective supplies or failing to test a product. Any instance where the federal authorities government does not receive what they paid for or paid more for a contract because of rigged bidding may be a procurement scheme.

Forgeries and alterations of documents or the creation of fake documents may be the evidence of a potentially illegal practice. Irregularities in electronic accounting data such as unusual patterns in payments, a large number of smaller invoices to the same vendor or paid without supporting receipts are also red flags.

THE SOCIAL COST OF CHEATING THE GOVERNMENT

Each year, private corporations, known as government vendors, receivecontracts worth over $450 billion. Because of bribery and kickbacks, taxpayers are often left with the burden of overpaying for inefficient government contracts, such as the infamous instance of $7,600 coffee makers and $435 hammers sold to the U.S. Navy. Some cases of procurement fraud have had deadly consequences, such as in cases of defense contractors where soldiers receive defective weapons or inefficient body armor.

It is estimated that these unlawful scams account for up to 6% of all federal money spent on private contracts, costing American taxpayers as much as $42 billion every year. Thanks to efforts of many brave whistleblowers over the past five years, False Claims Act cases of this type have recovered over $4 billion for the U.S. Treasury, with settlements totaling $1.1 billion in 2015 alone.

TYPES OF PROCUREMENT FRAUD

KICKBACKS / BRIBERY

Paying kickbacks in exchange for preferential bidding treatment. In addition to direct cash or non‐monetary payments, bribes may be also paid through inflated invoices or invoices for goods or services never delivered (duplicate payments).

BID RIGGING

Multiple bidders agree to manipulate the government procurement process by colluding with each other. Bidders may rotate who bids on contracts, intentionally increase the prices, or participate in other anti‐competitive practices.

DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS AND SUBSTITUTION OF ITEMS

Unscrupulous business may end up delivering goods to federal agencies or the military that are not made to the specifications required by the initial contract, are unsafe, unreliable or otherwise faulty. Other times the items delivered are of an inferior quality than those required under the agreement.

FAKE INVOICES

Creating fake invoices for services or parts that were never used or delivered and charging them to the government.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Failing to disclose a personal interest in the contract or the work that will be completed.

PHANTOM VENDORS

Nonexistent vendors are created and paid as sub‐contractors for work that is never performed.

ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION

Contractors intentionally send an incomplete order while billing as it was completed.

SPLITTING

In order to avoid the threshold at which the goods or services procurement must go through a competitive bidding process, the order is split into multiple purchases. The total amount of these smaller purchases exceeds the bid threshold, creating a loophole that can be fraudulently exploited.

FRAUDULENT STATEMENTS

Fraudulent statements made during the bidding process can result in a company receiving a contract that it does not have the resources or experience to fulfill. These false claims include misrepresenting its revenue to appear larger (fake revenues); failing to disclose its complete history of legal or regulatory issues (improper disclosures); and lying about its qualifications, experience or abilities to increase competitiveness (overstated credentials).